Specialty steels have forged technological milestones in modern bridge construction.
2025-10-17
For sea-crossing bridges and bridges in high-altitude and cold regions, steel's corrosion resistance and low-temperature resistance are particularly critical.
In the grand blueprint for national transportation infrastructure development, bridges, as critical hubs that span natural barriers and connect regions, bear the vital mission of "providing accessible transportation benefits to the people." Specialty steels, with their ultra-high strength, excellent toughness, and fatigue resistance, have become the core material for pushing the limits of bridge spans and ensuring structural safety. These "steel skeletons" support world-class bridges, driving the leapfrog development of modern bridge engineering towards longer spans, lighter weight, and longer lifespans.
In the construction of long-span cable-stayed and suspension bridges, the strength and durability of steel determine the success of the project. The high-strength galvanized steel wire used for the main cables and stay cables boasts a tensile strength exceeding 1860 MPa. Each wire can bear approximately 30 tons, supporting the 1,150-meter main span of the Qingzhou Channel Bridge of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. The Q690 high-strength, low-alloy structural steel used in the tower structure reduces steel usage by 30% while still withstanding the impact of a force 16 typhoon and strong earthquakes, ensuring the bridge's 100-year service life.
For sea-crossing bridges and bridges in high-altitude and cold regions, steel's corrosion resistance and low-temperature resistance are particularly critical. The Hangzhou Bay Bridge utilizes marine atmospheric corrosion-resistant steel. By adding alloying elements such as copper and chromium, the steel's corrosion rate is reduced by over 60%, addressing the corrosion challenge posed by high-salt spray environments. The Nagqu Grand Bridge on the Qinghai-Tibet Railway utilizes low-temperature toughness steel, which maintains excellent impact toughness even at temperatures as low as -40°C, preventing structural risks caused by low-temperature brittle fracture. As bridge construction evolves towards greener and more intelligent approaches, steel technology continues to innovate. The integration of weathering steel with landscape design allows the Chongqing Egongyan Rail Bridge to form a stable rust layer without the need for painting, achieving a balance between "industrial aesthetics" and durability. The use of high-performance composite materials to reinforce steel further enhances the bridge's seismic resistance and load-bearing capacity. Specialty steel, like the "steel rainbow," is helping Chinese bridges continuously break world records, becoming a hallmark of China's infrastructure development.
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